A replacement for warfarin: the search continues.

Vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) such as warfarin are the only oral anticoagulants currently available for clinical use. Warfarin has numerous limitations, including slow onset and offset of action, a narrow therapeutic window, and a metabolism that is affected by diet, drugs, and genetic polymorphisms.1 Because of its unpredictable dose response, warfarin requires careful coagulation monitoring to ensure that a therapeutic anticoagulant effect is achieved.2 Variable dose requirements, concern about the risk of bleeding, and the need for frequent coagulation monitoring have prompted the development of new oral anticoagulants to replace warfarin. With a predictable anticoagulant response and little potential for food or drug interactions, these new agents have been designed to be administered in fixed doses without coagulation monitoring. Consequently, these drugs have the potential to simplify long-term anticoagulant therapy.